Supreme Court Dissolves Decade-Long Estranged Marriage Citing Irretrievable Breakdown, Grants Mother Visitation Rights.


22 April 2025 Family dispute >> Family Law   |   Hindu Marriage Act >> Marriage Law  

The Supreme Court of India has exercised its extraordinary powers under Article 142 of the Constitution to dissolve a marriage that has been irretrievably broken down for over eleven years in the matter of Ramanuj Kumar Vs Priyanka. This decision overturns concurrent judgments of the Jharkhand High Court and the Family Court in Ranchi, which had dismissed the husband's petition for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.

The marriage between the appellant (husband) and the respondent (wife) was solemnized in November 2012, and they had two children. The husband filed for divorce in March 2014, citing cruelty. Subsequently, the wife filed a complaint against the husband and his family alleging cruelty and dowry harassment. Tragically, their second child, born with cerebral palsy in November 2014, passed away after a few years.


 

 

Both the Family Court and the High Court had dismissed the husband's divorce petition, with the High Court noting that cohabitation until March 2014 negated earlier cruelty allegations, especially considering the birth of the second child later that year.

Before the Supreme Court, the husband sought dissolution of the marriage based on irretrievable breakdown, highlighting over a decade of separation, deep hostility, and failed reconciliation attempts. He stated that their elder daughter (now about 12) had been in his exclusive care since infancy. The wife acknowledged this, explaining that she was consumed by the intensive care required by their second child and her government job, leaving her without the capacity to pursue custody or visitation of her elder daughter. Notably, she did not claim alimony.

The Supreme Court, recognizing the complete breakdown of the marital relationship and the failure of all reconciliation efforts, deemed it a fit case to invoke Article 142 to grant a decree of divorce to do complete justice.

Acknowledging the wife's prolonged separation from her daughter, the Court emphasized the importance of maternal contact for the child's well-being. To facilitate a gradual rebuilding of their bond, the Supreme Court granted the wife visitation rights for two days each month at the husband's residence, with mutually agreed-upon dates and the husband bearing the reasonable expenses. The Court clarified that this arrangement did not determine custody, and both parties remained free to seek formal custody adjudication in the appropriate forum.

Consequently, the Supreme Court allowed the appeal, dissolving the marriage based on irretrievable breakdown and granting the wife visitation rights as outlined.


HINDU MARRIAGE ACT, 1955

Constitution of India, 1950